Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The paper describes the debt burden of low-income countries and the traditional mechanisms that have been implemented by the international community to alleviate this burden. While these mechanisms are sufficient to reduce the external debts of many heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs) to sustainable levels provided these countries implement sound economic policies, they are likely insufficient for a number of countries. To deal with these cases, the World Bank and the IMF have jointly proposed and implemented the HIPC Initiative. The paper describes this Initiative and suggests that it should enable HIPCs to exit from the debt rescheduling process.

Exports and Imports --- Financial Risk Management --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Foreign Aid --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- International economics --- Finance --- Debt relief --- Debt burden --- Debt reduction --- Debt service --- External debt --- Asset and liability management --- Debts, External --- Burkina Faso

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Many countries among the Baltics, Russia and other CIS states are increasingly borrowing on international capital markets, a development that generally reflects their success in achieving financial stabilization. In view of the low level of domestic saving and large capital requirements, recourse to foreign borrowing may of course generate significant benefits for these economies in transition. However, the rapid increase in external debt suggests that consideration also needs to be given to the risks from too high a dependence on foreign saving, including inter alia risk of the postponement of needed structural reforms.

Exports and Imports --- Public Finance --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Finance --- External debt --- Debt service --- Public debt --- Foreign direct investment --- Debt service payments --- Balance of payments --- Debts, External --- Debts, Public --- Investments, Foreign --- Russian Federation

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The World Economic Outlook (WEO) exercise at the IMF evolved during the 1980s, partly in response to demands by policymakers in national finance ministries for objective and internationally comparable projections and policy scenarios. The exercise had begun as a staff initiative, encouraged by the Managing Director (Johannes Witteveen). Gradually, the Executive Board, the Interim Committee, the Group of Seven, and others came to view the discussion of the WEO documents as an important element in their efforts to keep abreast of world economic developments and prospects. Direct and indirect feedback from those discussions informed the staff as to how the exercise should be improved. Driven by this policy relevance, the WEO evolved from a decentralized project that was only haphazardly model-based into a more rigorous and coordinated exercise.

Econometrics --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Public Finance --- Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Forecasting and Simulation --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Econometric Modeling: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Macroeconomics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Public finance & taxation --- Exchange rates --- Econometric models --- Government debt management --- Prices --- Econometric analysis --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Debts, Public --- United States

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.

Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies --- General Aggregative Models: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Public finance & taxation --- Revenue administration --- Current spending --- Income and capital gains taxes --- National accounts --- Public debt --- Expenditure --- Taxes --- Revenue --- Expenditures, Public --- Income tax --- National income --- Debts, Public --- Austria

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper reviews economic developments in Malta during 1995–97. The brisk pace of GDP growth was maintained in 1995–96. However, the strong output growth was accompanied by a sharp deterioration in the external accounts, reflecting, in the main, a decline in national savings, from 27¾ percent of GDP in 1992–93 to some 20 percent of GDP in 1995–96. Factors contributing to these developments included a marked loosening in the fiscal stance and accelerated growth in bank lending, linked in part to financial market deregulation and intensified competition among banks.

Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Trade: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Banking --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Imports --- Public debt --- Commercial banks --- Public enterprises --- International trade --- Economic sectors --- Financial institutions --- Exports --- Banks and banking --- Debts, Public --- Government business enterprises --- Malta